BioGem Blog

A phylogenetic tree ( a.k.a. , cladogram or dendrogram) is a diagrammatic/graphical representation of the genetical/evolutionary relationship of species/organisms/genes. It helps to find the common ancestor. Construction of a phylogenetic tree consists of two phases, multiple sequence alignment and computing distance matrix. This is a simple video tutorial for constructing a phylogenetic tree using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis ( MEGA ) software. The MEGA software produces phylogenetic trees from multiple sequences in various formats: rectangular, slanting, curved, radial, and curved.

Network marketing (a.k.a. direct selling) is a trending business model which replaces the traditional sales and advertising system. It relies on person-to-person sales (chain system) through work from home. Digital marketing (or online marketing) is a way to expand the marketing network through the internet and digital platforms such as PC/laptops and smartphones using digital media and platforms to promote the products. Social media applications place a significant role in sharing product or service details and communicating with persons. Many local and global network marketing companies are emerging rapidly. Some of the most popular network marketing firms are Altos, Amway, Asclepius Wellness, Atomy India, Avon, Biosash, Forever, Future Maker, Galway, Happy Health India, Herbalife India, Highrich, IMC, Indusviva, Keva Industries, Mary Kay, MI Lifestyle, Modicare, Naswiz Retails, Netsurf Network, OK Life Care, Oriflame, RCM, Renatus Wellness, Rodan+Fields, Safe Shop India, Tuppe...

JME/JSME is a free and open-source molecule editor developed by Peter Ertl and Bruno Bienfait. JSME (JavaScript Molecule Editor) is the successor of JME (Java Molecule Editor). JME is a Java applet application converted to JavaScript due to security and portability issues in Java. JSME is a popular lightweight molecule editor application developed so far. Jmol/JSmol is a free and open-source molecule visualization tool developed by Bob Hanson . JSmol (JavaScript Molecule Viewer) is the successor of Jmol (Java Molecule Viewer). Jmol is a JAR (Java ARchive) application converted to JavaScript due to security and portability issues in Java. Jmol is the most popular molecule visualization tool implemented in many bioinformatics or cheminformatics web applications. JSmol in collaboration with JSME, has implemented a 2D ( SMILES string) to 3D structure conversion method by integrating the API of the CACTUS server. The link to an interactive demo of JSME and JSmol is here . B...

This is a simple and valuable tip for YouTube video uploaders to share the internal and external URLs in the video description. While entering the URLs in the video description, we must type the whole URL. For example, https://www.biob.in ( Not www.biob.in or biob.in ). Moreover, for YouTube channel names/handles, it must be with full URL (including valid handle name prefix by @). For example, https://youtube.com/@AKBIT ( Not /@AKBIT or @AKBIT ). YouTube automatically parses the URLs and replaces the YouTube URLs with a YouTube icon. Instead, the handle name can be hyperlinked by typing the at the rate of symbol ( @ ) followed by the handle name @AKBIT . Meanwhile, you have to select the exact handle from the dropdown list box. YouTube Video Description A sample YouTube video description with URLs are below, A simple video tutorial to convert chemical structures in the image to a 3D molecule using online OSRA (Optical Structure Recognition Application) tool. The resour...

A hydrophobicity or lipophilicity plot is a 2D graphical display of the hydrophobic regions in the protein. The Kyte-Doolittle scale was widely used for identifying surface-exposed regions and transmembrane regions. The plot has the amino acid sequence of a protein on its x -axis and a degree of hydrophobicity on its y -axis. The graph regions with a positive value are hydrophobic. There are several hydrophobicity scales have been published for various uses. The commonly used hydrophobicity scales are Kyte-Doolittle scale, Engelman scale (GES scale), Eisenberg scale, Hopp-Woods scale, Cornette scale, Rose scale, and Janin scale. For further details, refer my previous article https://www.biob.in/2014/05/hydrophobicity-plot-using-biopython.html Program Implementation In this tutorial, I have used Google Colab Notebook for running the Python program. Click here for interactive demo. Python Program try: import google.colab !pip install biopython except ImportError: pa...

நீங்கள் வீட்டில் இருந்தபடியே உங்கள் மின் உபயோக கட்டணத் தொகை சுலபமாக அறிந்து கொள்ளலாம். TNEB Bill Calculator - 2024 ( Revised on July 01, 2024 ) For Domestic Usage Only Units Consumed: Units ( u ) Subsidy Unit Range Unit Cost From To ≤ 100 ₹ 4.80 × u 1 100 ₹ 0.00 ≤ 200 ₹ 4.80 × u 1 100 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 2.45 × u 101 200 ₹ 2.35 ≤ 400 ₹ 4.80 × u 1 100 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 2.45 × u 101 200 ₹ 2.35 ₹ 0.10 × u 201 400 ₹ 4.70 ≤ 500 ₹ 4.80 × u 1 100 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 2.45 × u 101 200 ₹ 2.35 ...

OSRA (Optical Structure Recognition Application) is a free and open-source optical graph recognition program. The stand-alone version of OSRA is a command-line. OSRA converts a graphical representation of chemical structures from images, as they appear in journal articles, patent documents, textbooks, trade magazines etc., to SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) format. In addition, the online OSRA tool converts the SMILES string to a 3D molecule in SDF (Standard Data File) file format. OSRA can recognize over 90 graphical format documents by parsing vectors through ImageMagick software. The standard file formats include BMP, GIF, ICO, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, WMF, PDF, PS, etc. The CACTUS OSRA tool parses the graphical input to a SMILES string and converts it to a 3D molecule. The video tutorial below demonstrates the conversion of a document in GIF format image to a 3D structure. Note that any software designed for optical recognition is unlikely to b...